The Past Perfect (the Pluperfect)

The Past Perfect is also known as the Pluperfect.  The Past Perfect works just like Present Perfect in that it uses a form of Haber  "to Have (done something) and a Past Participle.  The difference is that now we conjugate Haber  in the Imperfect  past tense.  Instead of  he leído el libro   "I have read the book", we say había leído el libro   "I had read the book".
 
The time difference between the Present Perfect and the Past Perfect tense is when they occur on a time line.  For example, I can say "I have eaten."   You know that the eating on my part is over.  I have finished.  But it has happened recently. If I had eaten my dinner three days ago, I would be unlikely to say "I have eaten."  I am more likely to say, "I ate dinner three days ago" using the Preterite form of "To Eat".

When we construct a sentence in the Past Perfect, it establishes an event before a more recent event.  If I said, "I had eaten," you can feel that I need to complete the sentence:  "I had eaten when...(or before...)"
It makes more sense to say, "I had eaten already before I went swimming,"   "I had groomed the horse thoroughly before I went riding,"  or   "I had finished my shower when the doorbell rang."
 

Imagine the line below as a timeline:

   + Preterite        +past perfect        +present perfect          +present                                 +future
+++++I+M+P+E+R+F+E+C+T++++++++++

The Imperfect is an indefinite period in the Past, the Preterite handles completed time-specific events, and the Present Perfect is for recently completed events.  The Past Perfect is for events that have occured prior to other past events.

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Copyright © 2000 Deborah R. Lemon. All rights reserved.