| 1. The idea of through or by | Paso por el parque. I go through the park. |
| 2. Cause or reason of a situation | Él lucha por la libertad. He fights for freedom. |
| 3. Exchange | José compra una botella de vino por $300. José buys a bottle of wine for $300. |
| 4. Total time of an action - duration of time | Voy a Cuba por 3 años. I'm going to Cuba for 3 years. |
| 5. Substitution | José trabaja por mí.
José is working for me (in my place, because I am ill or on vacation) |
| 6. Units of measure | por libra, por yarda etc... by the pound, by the yard etc... |
| 7. Frequency | Estudiamos español dos días por semana. We study Spanish 2 days a (per) week. |
| 8. Responsibility | Es escrito por Jorge Luís
Borge. It's written by
Jorge Luis Borges.
Es arrestado por la policía. He is arrested by the police. |
| 9. Error in identity | Tomé a ella por la ratona. I mistook her for the shoplifter. |
| 10. Mode of transport or communication | por avión [by plane], por Fax [by Fax], por teléfono[by phone], por Delta, por Greyhound Bus |
| 11. To Pick up: (Recoger) | Mi mamá pasa por nosotros.
My mother is picking us up.
Vengo por ti. I'm coming for you. |
| 12. Relations, proportions, dimensions | 3 x 4 = 3 por 4. 100% = 100 por ciento. |
| 13. Impersonal expressions | Por la mañana,
tarde, noche: in (during)
the morning, afternoon, evening.
Por favor, por fin, por eso, por lo general, por lo menos: Please, finally, that's why/so, in general, at least. |
| 14. Something incomplete | Tengo tres páginas por leer. I have three pages to go/ left to read. |
| 15. An indefinite place, vague direction | Por el norte, sur, este, oeste. In the north, south, east, west. |